Petrochemical raw materials
Petrochemicals are actually substances that are obtained from oil in trace form. Also, some chemical compounds made from oil are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas or renewable resources such as corn, dates and sugarcane.
Materials made from petrochemicals include items such as soap, detergents, solvents, drugs, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic rubber and rubber, explosives, paints, epoxy resins, insulating materials, urea, sulfur, gasoline, diesel. , bitumen, etc.
Petrochemicals are often composed of carbon and hydrogen and are called hydrocarbons. If the atoms in the molecules are connected to each other by a single ion, the molecule is said to be saturated. Also, if they are connected to a monolayer by one or more double bonds, they are unsaturated molecules. Unsaturated chemicals are used as petrochemical feedstock due to their reactivity and can easily be converted into other petrochemical materials.
Petrochemical raw materials
They are divided into three general groups: olefins, aromatics and synthetic and inorganic gases. Olefins whose molecules form straight and unsaturated chains include ethylene, propylene and butadiene. Ethylene is the primary hydrocarbon material that is used in the largest volume in the petrochemical industry.For example, ethylene glycol is made from ethylene, which is used in polyester resin fibers and in antifreeze. Propylene is also used in the manufacture of products such as acrylic, rubbing alcohol, epoxy glue, paper coverings and carpets.
Aromatics are hydrocarbon molecules that form rings and are unsaturated. The main raw materials include benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene. Benzene is used to make styrene, the raw material of styrene plastic. It is also used to make paint, epoxy resin and glue.Toluene is used to make solvents, gasoline additives and explosives. Xylene is also used in making plastics, synthetic fibers and gasoline refining. Naphthalene is used significantly in the manufacture of insecticides.
Synthesis gases are used to produce ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is primarily used to form ammonium nitrate and a source of fertilizer. Most of the methanol produced is used to make formaldehyde, and the rest is used to make polyester fibers, plastic and silicone rubber.
The petrochemical industry got its impetus in 1913 from the development of the thermal cracking process by which crude oil was refined. The process produced gas byproducts that were initially used only as lighting gas or fuel, but in the 1920s and 30s were useful as chemical raw materials.
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